The old installer that you describe with a tickbox for the offer(s) hasn't been used for a couple of years now.
It was changed for the very reason that it was too easy to miss the offer and so get an unwanted install.
If you are going to be offered something by a CCleaner install/update now then it looks like this - so it's pretty hard to miss them, but see below.
This one is for AVG rather than Avast but the layout is the same. (Note that the CCleaner here is v5.86, so I took this screenshot 2 years ago in 2021)
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However there was for a time a random bug where very occasionally the image would not show and you only saw the 'Decline' and 'Accept' buttons.
With no image showing you didn't know what you were declining/accepting and may have thought it was just CCleaner.
Again though that was fixed, and it's been a couple of years since we have seen any reports of that happening.
Can you remember if it's possible that this is what has happened to you here.
ie. following the automatic update did you get a window like that in CCleaner but blank apart from the buttons, so you inadvertently clicked an 'Accept' button in an otherwise blank offer window?
Like I say that blank offer window issue was fixed, and we have had no reports of it happening since then, but sometimes odd bugs like that one can resurface.
A further question - What Antivirus you are using, and are you blocking any of CCleaner's connections, say with your Firewall settings, or using a Hosts file?
One thing that <em>might</em> cause a blank offer screen (no image just the buttons) to happen is if you are blocking certain connections that CCleaner normally makes.