Dennis,
thanks for the hint.
It could be so that I had a lot of large files on the drive and too small free space.
However today I've ran into the same problem on another drive, which has 34,5 GB free (25%) and only 15,7 GB in 13460 Fragmented Files.
Defraggler seems to stuck at writing (trying to write?) something to the first sector, while reading from other sectors chaotically.
I've disabled System Restore for this drive, but this change doesn't have any effect.